Privacy Policy

Your privacy is very important to us. Accordingly, we have developed this policy for you to understand how we collect, use, communicate, and make use of personal information. The following outlines our privacy policy.

When accessing this website, we will learn certain information about you during your visit.

Like other commercial websites, our website utilizes a standard technology called "cookies" (see explanation below) and server logs to collect information about how our site is used. Information gathered through cookies and server logs may include the date and time of visits, the pages viewed, time spent at our site, and the websites visited just before and just after our own, as well as your IP address.

Use of Cookies

A cookie is a very small text document, which often includes an anonymous unique identifier. When you visit a website, that site's computer asks your computer for permission to store this file in a part of your hard drive specifically designated for cookies. Each website can send its own cookie to your browser if your browser’s preferences allow it, but (to protect your privacy) your browser only permits a website to access the cookies it has already sent to you, not the cookies sent to you by other sites.

IP Addresses

IP addresses are used by your computer every time you are connected to the Internet. Your IP address is a number that is used by computers on the network to identify your computer. IP addresses are automatically collected by our web server as part of demographic and profile data known as “traffic data” so that data (such as the Web pages you request) can be sent to you.

Email Information

If you choose to correspond with us through email, we may retain the content of your email messages together with your email address and our responses. We provide the same protections for these electronic communications that we employ in the maintenance of information received online, through the mail, and by telephone. This also applies when you register for our website, sign up through any of our forms using your email address or make a purchase on this site. For further information see the email policies below.

How Do We Use the Information That You Provide to Us?

Broadly speaking, we use personal information for purposes of administering our business activities, providing customer service, and making available other items and services to our customers and prospective customers.

We will not obtain personally identifying information about you when you visit our site unless you choose to provide such information to us, nor will such information be sold or otherwise transferred to unaffiliated third parties without the approval of the user at the time of collection.

We may disclose information when legally compelled to do so, in other words, when we, in good faith, believe that the law requires it or for the protection of our legal rights.

Email Policies

We are committed to keeping your e-mail address confidential. We do not sell, rent, or lease our subscription lists to third parties, and we will not provide your personal information to any third-party individual, government agency, or company at any time unless strictly compelled to do so by law.

We will use your e-mail address solely to provide timely information.

We will maintain the information you send via e-mail in accordance with applicable federal law.

CAN-SPAM Compliance

In compliance with the CAN-SPAM Act, all e-mails sent from our organization will clearly state who the e-mail is from and provide clear information on how to contact the sender. In addition, all e-mail messages will also contain concise information on how to remove yourself from our mailing list so that you receive no further e-mail communication from us.

Choice/Opt-Out

Our site provides users the opportunity to opt out of receiving communications from us and our partners by reading the unsubscribe instructions located at the bottom of any e-mail they receive from us at any time.

Users who no longer wish to receive our newsletter, updates or promotional materials may opt out of receiving these communications by clicking on the unsubscribe link in the e-mail.

Use of External Links

This website may contain links to many other websites. We cannot guarantee the accuracy of information found at any linked site. Links to or from external sites not owned or controlled by us do not constitute an endorsement by us or any of its employees of the sponsors of these sites or the products or information presented therein.

By accessing this website, you are agreeing to be bound by this website Terms and Conditions of Use, all applicable laws and regulations, and agree that you are responsible for compliance with any applicable local laws. If you do not agree with any of these terms, you are prohibited from using or accessing this site. The materials contained in this website are protected by applicable copyright and trademark law.

Intellectual Property Rights

All copyrights, trademarks, patents and other intellectual property rights in and on our website and all content and software located on the site shall remain the sole property of Charles Sanger or its licensors. The use of our trademarks, content, and intellectual property is forbidden without express written consent from Charles Sanger.

You must not:

1. Republish material from our website without prior written consent.
2. Sell or rent material from our website.
3. Reproduce, duplicate, create derivative, copy, or otherwise exploit material on our website for any purpose.
4. Redistribute any content from our website, including onto another website.

Acceptable Use

You agree to use our website only for lawful purposes, and in a way that does not infringe the rights of, restrict or inhibit anyone else’s use and enjoyment of the website. Prohibited behavior includes harassing or causing distress or inconvenience to any other user, transmitting obscene or offensive content, or disrupting the normal flow of dialogue within our website.

You must not use our website to send unsolicited commercial communications. You must not use the content on our website for any marketing-related purpose without our express written consent.

Restricted Access

We may in the future need to restrict access to parts (or all) of our website and reserve full rights to do so. If at any point, we provide you with a username and password for you to access restricted areas of our website, you must ensure that both your username and password are kept confidential.

Use of Testimonials

In accordance with the FTC guidelines concerning the use of endorsements and testimonials in advertising, please be aware of the following:

Testimonials that appear on this site are received via text, audio, or video submission. They are individual experiences, reflecting real-life experiences of those who have used our products and/or services in some way. They are individual results and results do vary. We do not claim that they are typical results. The testimonials are not necessarily representative of all of those who will use our products and/or services.

The testimonials displayed in any form on this site (text, audio, video, or other) are reproduced verbatim, except for correction of grammatical or typing errors. Some may have been shortened. In other words, not the whole message received by the testimonial writer is displayed when it seems too lengthy or not the whole statement seems relevant to the general public.

We are not responsible for any of the opinions or comments posted on this website. We are not a forum for testimonials; however, we provide testimonials as a means for customers to share their experiences with one another. To protect against abuse, all testimonials appear after they have been reviewed by the management of CharlesSanger.com. The opinions are strictly the views of the testimonial source.

How Do We Protect Your Information and Secure Information Transmissions?

Email is not recognized as a secure medium of communication. For this reason, we request that you do not send private information to us by email. However, doing so is allowed, but at your own risk. Some of the information you may enter on our website may be transmitted securely via a secure medium known as Secure Sockets Layer, or SSL. Credit Card information and other sensitive information is never transmitted via email.

We may use software programs to create summary statistics, which are used for such purposes as assessing the number of visitors to the different sections of our site, what information is of most and least interest, determining technical design specifications, and identifying system performance or problem areas.

For site security purposes and to ensure that this service remains available to all users, we use software programs to monitor network traffic to identify unauthorized attempts to upload or change information, or otherwise cause damage.

Disclaimer and Limitation of Liability

We make no representations, warranties, or assurances as to the accuracy, currency, or completeness of the content contained on this website or any sites linked to this site.

All the materials on this site are provided "as is" without any express or implied warranty of any kind, including warranties of merchantability, non-infringement of intellectual property, or fitness for any particular purpose. In no event shall Charles Sanger or its agents or associates be liable for any damages whatsoever (including, without limitation, damages for loss of profits, business interruption, loss of information, injury or death) arising out of the use of or inability to use the materials, even if has been advised of the possibility of such loss or damages.

Policy Changes

We reserve the right to amend this privacy policy at any time with or without notice. However, please be assured that if the privacy policy changes in the future, we will not use the personal information you have submitted to us under this privacy policy in a manner that is materially inconsistent with this privacy policy, without your prior consent.

We are committed to conducting our business in accordance with these principles in order to ensure that the confidentiality of personal information is protected and maintained.

TERMS OF USE

PLEASE READ THE FOLLOWING TERMS AND CONDITIONS RELATING TO YOUR USE OF THIS SITE AND THE PRODUCTS AND SERVICES PROVIDED HEREUNDER CAREFULLY.

By i) using this site, ii) purchasing any products or services, or iii) utilizing any of the products or services through this site, you are deemed to have agreed to these Terms and Conditions. We reserve the right to modify them at any time. You should check these Terms and Conditions periodically for changes. By using this site after we post any changes to these Terms and Conditions, you agree to accept those changes, whether or not you have reviewed them. Regarding products and services purchased or utilized from Charles Sanger, the version of these Terms and Conditions that were posted at the time of purchase or utilization apply. If at any time you choose not to accept these Terms and Conditions of use, do not use this site.

See the Privacy Policy above on this page.

General Terms and Conditions

a) Scope of Terms and Conditions

These Terms and Conditions apply to your use of all the website at www.CharlesSanger.com, as well as any of its sub-domains and related domains or shopping cart pages (collectively the “Site”), as well as to products and services purchased or utilized from the Site. Unless stated otherwise, all references to the Site in these Terms and Conditions include this Site. These Terms and Conditions do not apply to your use of unaffiliated sites to which the Site only links.

b) Restrictions on Use

The contents of this site are protected by copyright and trademark laws and are the property of their owners. Unless we say otherwise, you may access the materials located within the Site only for your personal use. This means you may download one copy of posted materials on a single computer for personal, noncommercial home use only, so long as you neither change nor delete any author attribution, trademark, legend or copyright notice. When you download copyrighted material, you do not obtain any ownership rights in that material.

You may not modify, copy, publish, display, transmit, adapt or in any way exploit the content of the Site. Only if you obtain prior written consent from us and from all other entities with an interest in the relevant intellectual property may you publish, display or commercially exploit any material from the Site.

You must abide by all additional copyright notices or other restrictions contained in any of the Sites.

You agree not to do any of the following while using the Site:
• Harass, stalk or otherwise abuse another user;
• Transmit or otherwise make available any content that is false, harmful, threatening, abusive, tortious, defamatory, libelous, disparaging (including disparaging of the Site), vulgar, obscene, pornographic or that promotes violence, racial hatred, terrorism or illegal acts, or is otherwise objectionable (as determined by us in our sole discretion);
• Transmit or otherwise make available any content that is unlawful or infringes, violates or misappropriates any patent, trademark, trade identity right, trade secret, publicity right, privacy right, copyright or any other intellectual property or any other rights of any third party;
• Upload or transmit viruses, Trojan horses or other harmful, disruptive or destructive files or post material that interferes with any third party’s uninterrupted use and enjoyment of the Site.
• Impersonate any person or entity, or otherwise disguise the origin of any content transmitted through the Site or to us, including forging any TCP/IP packet header or any part of the header information in any transmission to the Site for any reason;
• Transmit or otherwise make available through the Site any personal advertising, junk mail, spam, chain letters, pyramid schemes or offer for sale of any products or services, except in areas specifically designated for such purposes; or
• Violate any applicable local, state, federal or international law, rule or regulation.

c) Links

These Terms and Conditions apply only to this Site, and not to the sites of any other companies or organizations, including those to which this Site may link. We are not responsible for the availability of any other site to which this Site links. We do not endorse or take responsibility for the contents, advertising, products or other materials made available through any other site. Under no circumstances will we be held responsible or liable, directly or indirectly, for any loss or damage that is caused or alleged to have been caused to you in connection with your use of, or reliance on, any content, goods or services available on any other site. You should direct any concerns to that site administrator or webmaster.

Other sites may link to this Site only through a plain-text link or provided graphics link. Permission must be granted by us for any other type of link to the Site. We reserve the right, however, to rescind any permission granted by us to link through a plain-text link or any other type of link and to require termination of any such link on this Site, at our discretion at any time.

The services, products, and materials on or from this site are provided “as is” and without warranties of any kind, either express or implied. We disclaim all warranties to the maximum extent of the law, express or implied, including but not limited to implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose.

Neither we nor any of our respective licensors or suppliers warrant that any functions contained in the site will be uninterrupted or error-free, that defects will be corrected, or that the site or the server that makes them available are free of viruses or other harmful components.

Neither we nor any of our respective licensors or suppliers warrant or make any representations regarding the use or the results of the use of the services, products or materials on this site in terms of their correctness, accuracy, reliability, or otherwise. You (and not we or any of our respective licensors or suppliers) assume the entire cost of all necessary servicing, repair or correction to your system.

Applicable law may not allow the exclusion of implied warranties, so the above exclusion may not apply to you. To the extent any warranty cannot be disclaimed, a limited explicit warranty is given by us to the exclusion of any other remedy to, in our discretion, either a) replace the services, products, and materials with such services, products, and materials that do not breach a warranty if such breach is identified to us within 30 days of purchase or b) refund of the monies paid for the particular services, products and materials.

By accessing this site, you understand that you may be waiving rights with respect to claims that are at this time unknown or unsuspected, and in accordance with such waiver, you acknowledge that you have read and understand, and hereby expressly waive, the benefits of of the civil code of texas, and any similar law of any state or territory, which provides as follows: “a general release does not extend to claims which the creditor does not know or suspect to exist in his favor at the time of executing the release, which if known by him must have materially affected his settlement with the debtor.”

We do not endorse, warrant, or guarantee any products or services offered on the Site. We are not a party to, and do not monitor, any transaction between users and third-party providers of products or services.

d) Limitation of Liability

Under no circumstances, including but not limited to negligence, will we or any of our licensors or suppliers be liable for any special or consequential damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials on the site, or any products or services provided pursuant to the site, even if advised of the possibility of such damages. Applicable law may not allow the limitation or exclusion of liability for incidental, consequential or other damages, so the above limitation or exclusion may not apply to you. In no event shall the total liability to you by us or any of our licensors or suppliers for all damages, losses, and causes of action (whether in contract, tort, or otherwise) exceed the amount paid by you to us, if any, for accessing the site.

e) No Personal Advice

The information contained in or made available through this Site (including but not limited to information contained on message boards, in text files, in products, from services, or in chats) cannot replace or substitute for the services of trained professionals in any field, including, but not limited to, psychological, financial, medical, business, or legal matters. In particular, you should regularly consult a doctor in all matters relating to physical or mental health, particularly concerning any symptoms that may require diagnosis or medical attention. Further, you should regularly consult a lawyer in all matters relating to interacting with other people to assure yourself you are behaving in compliance with law, including but not limited to laws related to harassment, assault or other similar laws. We and our licensors or suppliers make no representations or warranties concerning any treatment, action, or application of medication or preparation by any person following the information offered or provided within or through the Site (including but not limited to any product or service purchased, utilized or otherwise obtained from this Site). Neither we nor our partners, or any of their affiliates, will be liable for any direct, indirect, consequential, special, exemplary or other damages that may result, including but not limited to economic loss, injury, illness or death.

f) Parental Permission; Minimum Age Requirement

This Site is not directed to persons under the age of 13. The sale of any of the Site’s products or services is not directed to persons under the age of 18. We will not knowingly collect personally identifiable information from persons under 13. WE STRONGLY RECOMMEND THAT PARENTS PARTICIPATE IN THEIR CHILDREN EXPLORATION OF THE INTERNET AND ANY ONLINE SERVICES AND USE THEIR BROWSERS PARENTAL CONTROLS TO LIMIT THE AREAS OF THE INTERNET TO WHICH THEIR CHILDREN HAVE ACCESS.

We hereby require all users of the Site to be over 13 and all purchasers of Charles Sanger’s products and services to be over 18. You agree to abide by any such restrictions, and not to help anyone avoid these restrictions. If you are under 13, you agree to immediately stop accessing the Site. If you are accessing the Site, you represent that you are at least 13 years of age. If you are purchasing any of the products or services, you represent that you are at least 18 years of age.

g) COPYRIGHT

All content included on this Site, such as text, graphics, logos, button icons, images, audio clips, digital downloads, data compilations, and software, is the property of Charles Sanger or its content suppliers and protected by United States and international copyright laws. The compilation of all content on this site is the exclusive property of Charles Sanger and is protected by U.S. and international copyright laws.

h) TRADEMARKS

Charles Sanger's name and other logos, page headers, button icons, scripts, and service names are trademarks, registered trademarks or trade dress of Charles Sanger or its affiliates in the U.S. and/or other countries. Charles Sanger’s trademarks and trade dress may not be used in connection with any product or service that is not Charles Sanger’s, in any manner that is likely to cause confusion among customers, or in any manner that disparages or discredits Charles Sanger. All other trademarks not owned by Charles Sanger or its affiliates that appear on this site are the property of their respective owners, who may or may not be affiliated with, connected to, or sponsored by Charles Sanger or affiliates.

i) CONTACTING US

You can reach us through the Contact Page.

User Public Forum Submission/Participation Policy and Terms

a) General:

As a service to our users, this Site may feature message boards, chat rooms/areas, discussion forums, ratings, comments, bulletin board services, newsgroups (including, without limitation, Usenet and other third-party newsgroups), communities, and/or other message or communication facilities and other public/semi-public/private forums (collectively, “Forums”) where users with similar interests or similar experiences can share information and support one another or where users can post questions for others to answer. We may also offer online discussions moderated by various experts or other persons.

Much of the content of the Forums, including without limitation the descriptions for many Forums and the content within a specific message, comment or posting, is provided by and is the responsibility of the third-party creator of the Forum or the person posting in that Forum. Charles Sanger has no responsibility for such content and is merely providing access to such content as a service to you.

By their very nature, forums may carry offensive, harmful, inaccurate or otherwise inappropriate material, or in some cases, postings that have been mislabeled or are otherwise deceptive. We expect that you will use caution and common sense and exercise proper judgment when using discussion forums.

b) Your Participation/Contribution Requires Consideration:

Any information (including personally identifiable information or other personal information) that you reveal in a Forum, may, by design, be open to the public and in such cases may not be a private, secure service. You should think carefully before disclosing any information in any Forum. What you have written may be seen, disclosed to or collected by third parties and may potentially be used by others in ways we are unable to control or predict, including to contact you for unauthorized purposes. By submitting communications or content to Forums, you agree that such submission is non-confidential for all purposes, unless is specifically notes otherwise (for example, in the rules for a particular forum).

c) Confidential Obligations:

You agree that you will not upload or transmit any communications or content of any type to a Forum that infringes or violate any rights of any party. Further, you may have entered into an agreement with Charles Sanger that requires you to maintain the confidentiality of certain material or information of Charles Sanger. It is your obligation to confirm that any post to a Forum you make does not breach any confidentiality obligation you have. Unless a Forum specifically notes that all members of the Forum who are able to view posts are bound by confidentiality obligations, and further notes what types of information may be discussed, you may not post information that has required you to preserve as confidential.

d) Grant of Rights:

To the extent you are the original copyright holder of any post or submission by you to a Forum and such post or submission does not contain any of the information as confidential then; i) you remain the owner of such post or submission to the extent you were the owner; ii) you automatically grant on behalf of yourself or otherwise warrant that the owner of such content or intellectual property has expressly granted Charles Sanger, a royalty-free, perpetual, irrevocable, world-wide nonexclusive license to use, reproduce, create derivative works from, modify, publish, edit, translate, distribute, perform, display, and/or otherwise exploit the post, submission, communication or content in any media or medium, or any form, format, or forum now known or hereafter developed; and iii) you agree and warrant that Charles Sanger may sublicense or assign its rights through multiple tiers of sublicenses or assigns.

e) No Obligation to Monitor:

Charles Sanger does not control the information delivered to the Forums and has no obligation to monitor the Forums. However, the right is reserved at all times to disclose any information as necessary to satisfy any applicable law, regulation, legal process, or legal governmental request, or to edit, refuse to post or remove any information or materials, in whole or in part, for any reason whatsoever, in Charles Sanger’s sole discretion.

f) No Obligation to Remove:

There is no obligation to remove any content from the site which does not violate any civil or criminal laws and any contributions intended for display on this website. If you do not wish to have something which you submit to be published, do not submit it in the first place.

g) No Endorsement:

There is no endorsement, support, representation, or guarantee of the truthfulness, accuracy, or reliability of any communications posted in the Forums or endorse any opinions expressed in the Forums. You acknowledge that any reliance on material posted in the Forums will be at your own risk.

h) Right to Act:

If Charles Sanger discovers communications that allegedly do not conform to any terms and conditions of this Site, an investigation into the allegation and determine in good faith and in its sole discretion whether to remove or request the removal of the communication. Charles Sanger will have no liability or responsibility for the performance or nonperformance of such activities. Charles Sanger reserves the right to terminate or restrict your access to any or all of the Forums at any time without notice for any reason whatsoever. You acknowledge that some Forums available through the Site are available only through the Site and others are available both through the Site and other sources, such as Usenet, over which there is absolutely no control.

Special Notes regarding Product and Service Purchases

a) Shipping Methods

Products may be shipped by UPS Standard or by any other method. A shipping charge may be imposed.
• Orders shipped to PR will have a 6.6% duty tax.
• All orders require at least 24-72 hours of processing time before shipping.
• Orders are not processed orders during weekends and holidays.
• Same-day shipping is not guaranteed.
• All orders shipped within TX will be charged sales tax.
• Exact delivery times to any location cannot be guaranteed.

b) Sales Tax

Sales tax is only required for orders shipping within our resident states of business. Therefore, all orders shipping within Texas will be charged applicable sales tax according to your area’s tax rate.

c) Duty Tax

It is your responsibility to calculate the amount of Customs/Duty that will be applied to your purchase by the Customs Office in your country.

d) Product listings

We strive for accuracy in all item descriptions, photographs, compatibility references, detailed specifications, pricing, links and any other product-related information contained herein or referenced on our website. Due to human error and other determinates, we cannot guarantee that all item descriptions, photographs, compatibility references, detailed specifications, pricing, links and any other product-related information listed are entirely accurate, complete or current, nor can we assume responsibility for these errors. In the event a product listed on our website is labeled with an incorrect price due to some typographical, informational, technical or other error, Additionally, all hyperlinks to other websites are provided as resources to customers looking for additional information and/or professional opinion. There is no responsibility for the claims and/or representations made on these or any other websites.

e) Product Revisions

There is no responsibility for changes or variations in product specifications and/or physical appearance since in some cases we act as a distributor for others. In the interest of our customers, we put forth our best efforts to ensure that all product information is up-to-date and factual. Unfortunately, there are varying determinates which, although infrequent, could cause the information on our website to become outdated without our immediate knowledge. This includes but is not limited to new versions or revisions, color deviations, retail package alterations and other variations that may be considered inconsequential by the manufacturer. In some cases, we rely on the manufacturer of a product to communicate these differences. Presently we have no way of alerting customers prior to purchase in the event the manufacturer fails to do so. Consequently, we will not be held responsible for product revision changes.

Product and Service Purchase Agreement

By accepting delivery of any product or service delivered from Charles Sanger, viewing such products, or otherwise using such products or services, you (“Customer”) agree to be bound by the terms and conditions listed below. It is agreed that the following terms and conditions are the exclusive terms governing the sales transaction. Any attempt to alter, supplement, modify or amend these terms and conditions by the Customer will be considered a material alteration of this agreement and, therefore, are null and void. In addition, these terms and conditions are subject to change at any time, without prior written notice. Therefore, please check these terms and conditions carefully each time you place an order with or accept delivery of any goods or services.

a) Product Issues

If you have problems or concerns, submit them on the CONTACT page.

b) warranties; all products and services are sold “as-is” or “with all faults”. We make no representation or express warranty with respect to the product or service except those stated in this document. We disclaim all other warranties, express or implied, as to any such product or service, including and without limitation, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, and any implied warranties arising from statute, trade usage, course of dealing, or course of performance.

c) Limitation of liability

In all circumstances, the maximum liability is limited to the purchase price of the products or services sold. Under any circumstances, there shall not be liable upon a claim or action in contract, tort, indemnity or contribution, or other claims relating to the products or services it sells which exceed this liability limit. Charles Sanger shall not be liable for third-party claims for damages against the customer, or for malfunction, delays, interruption of service, loss of business, loss or damage to exemplary damages, whether or not we has been made aware of the possibility of such claims or damages.

d) Customer agreed to restrictions, obligations and limitations, confidentiality, and limited use:

The customer acknowledges that the products and services sold by Charles Sanger are confidential and proprietary information and property of Charles Sanger. The customer hereby agrees to protect such products and services as confidential. As a further condition to the purchase and/or receipt of such products and/or services of Charles Sanger by Customer, Customer agrees it will not, nor allow others, to directly or indirectly copy, distribute, resell, lend, lease, display, teach to others or show these products and/or services to others. A “Customer” includes anyone who receives the products or services of Charles Sanger, even if for free.

The customer agrees that no one may use these products and/or services in any manner without the written approval of Charles Sanger except for the Customer who has agreed that his/her use is limited to his/her own personal use. In the event Customer disagrees with these terms, Customer must immediately discontinue using the products purchased from Charles Sanger. Anyone viewing or otherwise utilizing the products by such conduct is agreeing to be bound by the terms of set forth herein, and as such must immediately comply with the terms of this agreement.

Waiver

The failure of either party to require performance by the other party of any provision of this agreement shall not affect in any way the first party’s right to require such performance at any time thereafter. Any waiver by either party of a breach of any provision in this agreement shall not be taken or held by the other party to be a continuing waiver of that provision unless such waiver is made in writing.

Entire Agreement

These Terms and Conditions (along with the incorporated Texas Privacy Policy and Privacy Policy) are the complete and exclusive agreement between Charles Sanger and you, and they supersede all prior or contemporaneous proposals, oral or written, understandings, representations, conditions, warranties, and all other communications between the Charles Sanger and you relating to the subject products. This agreement may not be explained or supplemented by any prior course of dealings or trade by custom or usage.

Updated Date: December 20, 2022